
Totient Maximum
Euler's totient function, $\phi(n)$ [sometimes called the phi function], is defined as the number of positive integers not exceeding $n$ which are relatively prime to $n$. For example, as $1$, $2$, $4$, $5$, $7$, and $8$, are all less than or equal to nine and relatively prime to nine, $\phi(9)=6$.
$n$ | Relatively Prime | $\phi(n)$ | $n/\phi(n)$ |
2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
3 | 1,2 | 2 | 1.5 |
4 | 1,3 | 2 | 2 |
5 | 1,2,3,4 | 4 | 1.25 |
6 | 1,5 | 2 | 3 |
7 | 1,2,3,4,5,6 | 6 | 1.1666... |
8 | 1,3,5,7 | 4 | 2 |
9 | 1,2,4,5,7,8 | 6 | 1.5 |
10 | 1,3,7,9 | 4 | 2.5 |
It can be seen that $n = 6$ produces a maximum $n/\phi(n)$ for $n\leq 10$.
Find the value of $n\leq 1\,000\,000$ for which $n/\phi(n)$ is a maximum.