
Paper-strip Game
The following game is a classic example of Combinatorial Game Theory:
Two players start with a strip of
On each turn, a player picks two contiguous white squares and paints them black.
The first player who cannot make a move loses.
: No valid moves, so the first player loses automatically. : Only one valid move, after which the second player loses. : Two valid moves, but both leave a situation where the second player loses. : Three valid moves for the first player, who is able to win the game by painting the two middle squares. : Four valid moves for the first player (shown below in red), but no matter what the player does, the second player (blue) wins.

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