
Special Subset Sums: Meta-testing
Let $S(A)$ represent the sum of elements in set $A$ of size $n$. We shall call it a special sum set if for any two non-empty disjoint subsets, $B$ and $C$, the following properties are true:
- $S(B) \ne S(C)$; that is, sums of subsets cannot be equal.
- If $B$ contains more elements than $C$ then $S(B) \gt S(C)$.
For this problem we shall assume that a given set contains $n$ strictly increasing elements and it already satisfies the second rule.
Surprisingly, out of the $25$ possible subset pairs that can be obtained from a set for which $n = 4$, only $1$ of these pairs need to be tested for equality (first rule). Similarly, when $n = 7$, only $70$ out of the $966$ subset pairs need to be tested.
For $n = 12$, how many of the $261625$ subset pairs that can be obtained need to be tested for equality?
NOTE: This problem is related to Problem 103 and Problem 105.